Surgical Repair of a Ruptured Giant Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a 16-Year-Old with Takayasu's Arteritis: Case Report and Etiological Review

Abstract Takayasu's arteritis is a type of primary systemic vasculitis that affects medium and large arteries, including the aorta and its main branches, as well as the pulmonary and coronary arteries. Although rare in children, it is the third most common vasculitis in the pediatric population, often with delayed diagnosis due to the nonspecific presentation of clinical symptoms in its initial phase. This is a case of a 16-year-old girl with a giant ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, who needed surgery on an emergency basis. The etiological aspects involved in aneurysms in young patients are also addressed.

Micrornas and current concepts on the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abstract Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Currently, the only way to prevent rupture and death related to abdominal aortic aneurysms is through surgical intervention. Endovascular treatment is associated with less morbidity than conventional treatment. The formation of an aneurysm is a complex multifactorial process, involving destructive remodeling of the connective tissue around the affected segment of the aorta wall. MicroRNAs are small sequences of non-coding RNAs that control diverse cellular functions by promoting degradation or inhibition of translation of specific mRNAs. A profile aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to human diseases, including cardiovascular dysfunction.

Outcomes of surgery for patients with Behcet's disease causing aortic pseudoaneurysm: a shift from open surgery to endovascular repair

OBJECTIVES: Behcet’s disease is a form of systematic vasculitis that affects vessels of various sizes. Aortic pseudoaneurysm is one of the most important causes of death among patients with Behcet’s disease due to its high risk of rupture and associated mortality. Our study aimed to investigate the outcomes of Behcet’s disease patients with aortic pseudoaneurysms undergoing open surgery and endovascular aortic repair. METHODS: From January 2003 to September 2014, ten consecutive patients undergoing surgery for aortic pseudoaneurysm met the diagnostic criteria for Behcet’s disease. Endovascular repair was the preferred modality and open surgery was performed as an alternative. Systemic immunosuppressive medication was administered after Behcet’s disease was definitively diagnosed. RESULTS: Eight patients initially underwent endovascular repair and two patients initially underwent open surgery. The overall success rate was 90% and the only failed case involved the use of the chimney technique to reach a suprarenal location. The median follow-up duration was 23 months. There were 7 recurrences in 5 patients. The median interval between operation and recurrence was 13 months. No significant risk factors for recurrence were identified, but a difference in recurrence between treatment and non-treatment with preoperative immunosuppressive medication preoperatively was notable. Four aneurysm-related deaths occurred within the follow-up period. The overall 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 80%, 64% and 48%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both open surgery and endovascular repair are safe and effective for treating aortic pseudoaneurysm in Behcet’s disease patients. The results from our retrospective study indicated that immunosuppressive medication was essential to defer the occurrence and development of recurrent aneurysms.

Experimental Model of Saccular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Swines with Pericardium Sac

Abstract Objective: To consider modifications in an experimental model of saccular aortic aneurysm, aiming at better reproducibility, to be used in the development of vascular prostheses. Methods: Experimental study in two phases, developed in the Center of Experimental Surgery and Bioterium (CCEB) of the University of Health Sciences of Alagoas (UNCISAL), with 11 hybrid swine, female, mean weight of 20 ± 5 kg, according to modifications in the Perini technique was performed. In the first phase, the aneurysm was confectioned with bovine pericardial patch. In the second phase, fifteen days later, the patency of the aneurysms was confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography. The described variables were aortic and aneurysm sac patency, incidence of rupture, morbidity and mortality. The statistical analysis program used was STATA v.8. Results: All animals survived to the procedures. Surgical mean time was 73 minutes. Aneurysm rupture, proximal or distal aortic thrombosis, visceral or legs ischemia weren't observed. Parietal thrombus formation was observed in all of the aneurysms, two of which (18%; IC 95% = 3.98 - 48.84) were occluded and nine (82%; IC 95% = 51.15 - 96.01) were patent. Conclusion: In this series, the modifications carried out in the technique related to the surgical approach, race, anesthesia, and imaging exams reproduced the experimental model, reducing its costs, without hindering the analysis of the variables. The satisfactory patency ratio allows the method to be used in experimental models for the development of vascular prostheses.

Giant aneurysm of thoracic and proximal abdominal aorta in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency

Common variable immunodeficiency [CVID] is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency disease, predisposing the patients to various tissue involvement and organ damage. Here a 16-year-old boy is presented who was referred to our center with cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, and history of recurrent pneumonia. The diagnosis of CVID was made according to reduction all serum immunoglobulin levels, normal numbers of T, B and NK lymphocyte subpopulations, poor antibodies responses. Considering abnormality in heart examination and chest X-ray, echocardiography and computed tomography angiography were performed which showed large thoraco-abdominal; aortic aneurysm in this patient. Although there are some reports of cardiovascular disease associated with primary antibody deficiencies, this is the first time that such large thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm is reported in CVID. This may be secondary to recurrent pulmonary infections or an unknown mutation process. Cardiovascular abnormalities are an entity that should be kept in mind in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases

Avaliação pós-operatória do tratamento endovascular de aneurismas da aorta abdominal por angiotomografia com multidetectores / Post-operative evaluation of endovascularly treated abdominal aortic aneurysms by multidetector computed tomography angiography

OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem como objetivo a avaliação pós-operatória do tratamento endovascular de aneurismas da aorta abdominal por angiotomografia com multidetectores. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas, retrospectivamente, angiotomografias de 166 pacientes (137 homens e 29 mulheres) com idade média de 73 anos portadores de aneurisma da aorta abdominal submetidos a terapêutica endovascular, no período de junho de 2005 a agosto de 2006. Os exames foram feitos em tomógrafo multidetector de 64 canais e os parâmetros adotados foram: colimação, 0,625 mm; pitch, 0,6-1; mAs, 300-400; kV, 120. Em todos os casos foi utilizado meio de contraste iodado não-iônico (350 mg/ml) administrado por meio de bomba infusora, com fluxo de 4 ml/s a 5 ml/s e com volume variável de 70 ml a 100 ml. Os exames foram avaliados quanto à presença de complicações. RESULTADOS: Dos 166 exames realizados, 93 pacientes não apresentaram complicações e 73 apresentaram os seguintes achados: endoleak (n=37), trombose circunferencial da endoprótese (n=29), angulação (n=17), coleção no sítio de punção (n=10), migração da prótese (n=7), dissecção dos vasos de acesso (n=7) e oclusão (n=6). CONCLUSÃO: O endoleak foi a complicação mais prevalente em nosso estudo, sendo o tipo II o mais comum.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at evaluating endovascularly treated abdominal aortic aneurysms by multidetector computed tomography angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multidetector computed tomography angiography studies of 166 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The sample included 137 men and 29 women with mean age of 73 years who had undergone endovascular treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm in the period between June 2005 and August 2006. Images were acquired in a 64-channel multidetector tomograph adopting the following parameters: 0.625 mm collimation, pitch 0.6-1, 300-400 mAs, and 120 kV. A nonionic iodinated contrast agent (350 mg/ml) was injected by infusion pump at a rate of 4 ml/s to 5 ml/s and a variable amount of 70 ml to 100 ml. The studies were evaluated for the presence of complications. RESULTS: Among the 166 cases, 93 patients did not present complications and 73 presented the following findings: endoleak (n=37), circumferential thrombosis (n =29), angulation (n=17), presence of collection at the puncture site (n=10), graft migration (n=7), dissection of access vessels (n=7) and occlusion (n=6). CONCLUSION: In summary, endoleak was the most prevalent complication in the present series, with type II endoleak being most frequently found.

Mycotic aneurysm: a rare complication of vertebral osteomyelitis

We report the case of a 49-year-old man that presented with persistent low back pain after being treated for vertebral osteomyelitis. An abdominopelvic CT scan with intravenous contrast showed a mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. The patient was taken to the operating room where a bypass reconstruction surgery was successfully performed. The history, pathophysiology, most common organisms, risk factors, and clinical presentation of mycotic aneurysms are discussed. The importance of a high index of suspicion for prompt and proper diagnosis and treatment, is emphasized to create awareness about this dreadful complication of vertebral osteomyelitis.

Aneurisma de aorta abdominal: a propósito de un caso / Abdominal aorta aneurysm: case report

El presente caso trata sobre un paciente de 76 años con antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica e insuficiencia cardiaca, consumidor habitual de alcohol y cigarrillos. Ingresa por el área de emergencia por presentar lesiones micóticas impetiginizadas en ambas manos y una masa palpable pulsátil en hipogastrio acompañada de ausencia de pulsos en miembros inferiores. Se realizan los exámenes de gabinete (Hto: 26 por ciento, grupo sanguíneo "A" RH+, creatinina 1.3mg/por ciento, plaquetas 350.000, TP=15", TPT: 55", glucosa 141mg por ciento, EKG), el ecocardiograma reporta insuficiencia renal. El ecodopler de aorta abdominal detecta dilatación aneurismática de la aorta por debajo del tronco celíaco, continuándose con las arterias ilíacas primitivas...

Aneurisma de la aorta abdominal / Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Los aneurismas son dilataciones arteriales irreversibles, siendo la aorta abdominal la localización más frecuente. El estudio de su historia natural nos enseña que tienen mal pronóstico, reduciendo significativamente la expectativa de vida. Entre sus complicaciones la más frecuente y grave es la ruptura, lo que se asocia a una elevada mortalidad. Afortunadamente, en la actualidad disponemos de un tratamiento quirúrgico que ha demostrado ser altamente efectivo. Por otra parte, se están estudiando activamente la etiopatogenia y bases moleculares de la enfermedad aneurismática, siendo posible que en los próximos años podamos contar con un tratamiento médico preventivo. Se presenta un revisión del tema, tratando aspectos relevantes a su etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Este artículo aporta algunos criterios prácticos en relación a esta patología: sin embargo, su verdadero objetivo es despertar el interés por el estudio de esta interesante y no siempre bien conocida enfermedad

Aneurismas de aorta abdominal rotos revisión bibliográfica / Broken aneurisms of abdominal aorta bibliographycal averhaul

Comenta que se denomina aneurisma arterial a la dilatación circunscrita de una arteria. Puede ser de origen arterioscleroso micótico, traumático y sifilítico. La consecuencia final de su evolución natural, si no acontece la muerte por otra causa es la rotura. La detección de un aneurisma de aorta infrarrenal es, en la mayoría de los casos, una causalidad por exámenes diagnósticos por otra patología intercurrentes. La presentación clínica de la triada de dolor abdominal, más pulsátil y shock, es casi patognomónico y exige una actitud terapéutica de emergencia...

Prevalência de aneurisma intra-abdominal em idosos / Prevalence of intraabdominal aneurysm in elderly patients

OBJETIVOS. Estudo em idosos de freqüência de aneurisma em artérias do abdome(AAA) e do diâmetro máximo da aorta abaixo das artérias renais naqueles sem dilataçäo arterial. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS. Foram estudados 411 indivíduos, 218 mulheres e 193 homens, com média de idade de 74,4 anos. Foram feitos o exame físico de abdome (EF) e a ultrasonografia de abdome (US), sendo este considerado o "padräo-ouro" de referência. Para a aorta, foi considerado aneurisma o diâmetro de artéria superior a 30 mm e, para as artérias ilíacas, o diâmetro máximo superior a 15mm. RESULTADOS. A US apontou a presença de aneurisma no território aortoilíaco em nove indivíduos, uma mulher e oito homens correspondendo a uma prevalência de 2,1 por cento, sendo 4,1 por cento em homens e 0,4 por cento em mulheres. Dois desses aneurismas estavam em artérias ilíacas ( um aneurisma em uma artéria ilíaca comum) e os demais sete na aorta abaixo das artérias renais. Os portadores de aneurisma de ilíaca säo homens. A prevalência do AAA foi de 1,7 por cento (7/411), sendo 3,1 por cento em homens e 0,4 por cento em mulheres. O EF indicou suspeita de presença de aneurisma em três desses pacientes. Outros seis pacientes näo tinham aneurisma. Considerando todos os aneurismas do território aortoilíaco, o EF teve sensibilidade de 33,3 por cento, especificidade de 99 por cento e valor preditivo positivo de 33,3 por cento. Considerando so AAA, a sensibilidade do EF foi de 42,8 por cento, a especificidade de 98,5 por cento e o valor preditivo positivo de 33 por cento. Nos 402 pacientes sem aneurisma arterial, o diâmetro máximo da aorta variou de 11 a 29 mm, com média de 16 ñ 21 mm. CONCLUSAO. A US é procedimento diagnóstico näo invasivo que deve ser utilizado em populaçäo idosa

Aneurisma de aorta abdominal e iliaca derecha: a propòsito de un caso clìnico y revisiòn de literatura

En el Hospital Eugenio Espejo, se realiza una revisiòn de pacientes con diagnòstico de aneurisma abdominal, durante 1980-1996, encontràndose 38 pacientes, de los cuales 20 son mujeres y 18 hombres. Con este motivo se presenta el caso de un paciente de 72 años cuyo motivo de consulta es presentar dolor abdominal pulsatil, continuo, de gran intensidad localizado en mesogastrio e irradiado hacia los flancos recibiendo analgèsicos que no especifica, sin conseguir alivio. Al exàmen fìsico los signos vitales se presentan normales, ruidos cardiacos hipofonèticos, se evidencia la presencia de una masa abdominal mòvil en mesogastrio de aproximadamente 10 cm de diàmetro, pulsatil, dolorosa a la palpaciòn. Mediante estudios ecosonogràficos se observa un aneurisma disecante que compromete el tercio distal de aorta abdominal e iliaca derecha...